ISRO Chairman S Somanath discusses the impact of sanctions on space missions, the return of Chandrayaan 3’s propulsion module to Earth, and various other topics with Aditi Raja during the 7th Edition of the Gujarat Chhatra Sansad in Vadodara.
Bringing back Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module to earth involved complex manoeuvers. What does ISRO plan to do with it?
Following the success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission, the team contemplated pursuing a distinctive initiative that could contribute valuable insights to future missions, particularly those involving the retrieval of Moon samples.
Post the Chandrayaan launch, approximately 100 kg of fuel remained within the propulsion module. However, with this limited fuel reserve, a direct return to Earth was unfeasible. Consequently, a strategy was devised to leverage the gravitational forces of both the Moon and Earth to maneuver the satellite back into Earth’s orbit.
Utilizing the 100-kg fuel reserve, we placed the orbiter into an expansive orbit around the Moon. When the orbiter rotated and synchronized its position with Earth, the gravitational pull of Earth exerted an influence, causing the orbit to shift. Employing this alignment technique over the course of nearly one month facilitated the movement of the satellite into Earth’s orbit.
Will ISRO collaborate with Russia, US or China for its human flight mission?
In the initial phase of our human space program, we collaborated with Russia, which demonstrated a willingness to assist us. Four of our astronauts participated in a year-long astronaut training program in Russia. Russia provided us with essential equipment, including the state space suit and items such as the crew seat.
France has taken on the role of assisting with the medical training of our crew. The United States is actively supporting us in the astronaut training program, exploring the possibility of our participation in the International Space Station. Furthermore, Boeing and Airbus have expressed their willingness to provide assistance in various capacities.
How has the geopolitical situation concerning Russia impacted the global space exploration scenario?
The utilization of Russian rockets for spacecraft launches from Kourou ceased due to the prevailing geopolitical circumstances. Consequently, several planned European launches from Russia were canceled. In response, India seized the opportunity to fill the gap, offering to expedite rocket launches with the condition of significant design modifications.
Despite the need for substantial design changes, we successfully entered the market, enhancing our reputation and capabilities in handling intricate missions. This turn of events allowed us to capitalize on the geopolitical issue and attract launches that would have otherwise taken place elsewhere.
What are ISRO’s commercial plans?
India has successfully launched 434 foreign satellites using indigenous rockets, with seven to eight dedicated missions for foreign satellites. In the coming year, two more such missions are planned. Acknowledging the preference of nations to have their satellites launched using their own capabilities, India has strategically focused on expanding its commercial launch market.
Despite major satellite manufacturers being based in the US, Europe, and Russia, India has identified markets in Africa, Southeast Asia, Arabic countries, and South America. To establish a foothold, India has fostered strong connections with countries such as Australia, Brazil, Mexico, and Singapore, conducting at least five launches for each. Ongoing discussions with nations like South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, and Egypt are not merely centered on launching satellites but also involve the creation of comprehensive infrastructure.
NewSpace India Limited, a public sector undertaking, plays a pivotal role by providing commercial offers and participating in bids, aligning with India’s commitment to actively contribute to the global space industry.
You have withdrawn your Malayalam memoir after controversy over your equation with former ISRO chief K Sivan.
I won’t delve into the withdrawn book, so it’s not a topic I’ll discuss. Regarding the failure of Chandrayaan-2, it is essential for transparency to prevail. We adhere to a transparent process in informing the public about both successes and failures, given that it is a publicly funded program.
Dr. Sivan and I share a close working relationship. He is a valuable member of my advisory group and remains associated with the headquarters. While we may have differences in approach and diverse ways of accomplishing tasks, there are no objections between us. It’s a collaborative dynamic that contributes to the effectiveness of our partnership.
You were seen offering prayers at Somnath temple after Chandrayaan-3 launch. Is it compatible with what a scientist practices?
A narrative has emerged suggesting an inherent conflict between the concepts of science and God, advocating that all scientists should be atheists. Personally, I don’t subscribe to either atheism or any specific belief system. Instead, I hold profound respect for the scientific approach, which seeks to uncover the truth.
While science offers valuable insights, it’s crucial to acknowledge the potential for truth in other avenues. Many physical theories exist, but none have been conclusively proven. The nature of material structures remains mysterious, with the composition eluding our understanding. The boundaries of the universe are still unknown, and our comprehension of the 11-dimensional universe is notably constrained. I am actively engaged in the pursuit of answers, recognizing the importance of exploring various channels to unravel the mysteries that continue to captivate our curiosity.
